An NIH-funded research team led by Dr. Margherita Fontana of the University of Michigan School of Dentistry set out to test silver diamine fluoride for treating severe early childhood tooth decay. The team enrolled 830 children between the ages of one and six years old with severe early childhood caries including at least one cavity. The children were treated with either silver diamine fluoride or a placebo at the start of the study and then again at six months. They received check-ups at the start of the study and then at three, six, and eight months. Silver diamine fluoride was effective at stopping tooth decay.